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      • Walk: Elephant & Castle
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      • Walk: Fulham Broadway to Imperial Wharf
      • Walk: Hammersmith
      • Walk: Turnham Green to Chiswick Park
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      • Walk: Barnes Bridge to Fulham Palace
      • Walk: Last stop on the Victoria Line: Bustling Brixton
      • Walk: Richmond - River-views and royal connections
      • Walk: Vauxhall to Battersea
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Vocabulary: Bermondsey and Rotherhithe Saturday 25th January 2014

29/1/2014

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Hello to all of you.

Below is some of the vocabulary that we went over at the end of the walk last Saturday. How lovely to do that in such a lovely pub! And weren’t we lucky to be inside when the thunder storm began?!

I enjoyed meeting you all and hope to see you again soon. You really worked hard – listening, finding new words, speaking English and supporting each other. Thank you!

Best Wishes

Gail


Vocabulary In the shadow of the Shard: Bermondsey and Rotherhithe – Saturday 25th January 2014

To snatch  (verb): to take something with a quick rough movement.


e.g. On the London Underground there are often warning signs about ‘bag snatchers’ – people who snatch bags and run off with them.

e.g. We talked about how people took dead bodies from graveyards (especially in the early 19th century). They were called ‘body-snatchers’)

To bury (verb) buried: a) to put a dead body in the ground.

b) to put something in a hole in the ground and cover it. E.g. Our dog buried it’s bones in the garden.

To plant (something) (verb): to put plants, seeds etc in the ground to grow. e.g. Bulbs should be planted in the autumn.

A ditch (noun): a long narrow hole that has been dug in to the ground. Usually ditches are along the side of a road or field for water to flow away.

To dig (verb): (digging; pt pp dug): to move earth and make a hole in the ground. E.g. the children are busy digging in the sand.

We talked about how the river water was kept away from Jacob’s Island in the Victorian period. Ditches were dug all around Jacob’s Island so the water drained away and they could build on the land.

A spade (noun): a tool that you use for digging.

A shovel (noun): a tool used for picking up and moving earth, snow, sand etc.

The shore (noun): the land at the edge of the sea or lake. We often call the shore by the sea ‘a seashore’.

A shard (noun): a piece of broken glass, ceramic, metal etc, that usually has sharp edges.

The tall building we looked at is called The Shard. It’s the tallest building in Europe and opened to the public in February 2013.

To chat (verb): (chatting; chatted) to talk to somebody in an informal, friendly way.

A chat (noun): E.g. Let’s have a chat in the café.

The tide (noun): the regular change in the level of the sea caused by the moon and the sun.

At high tide (or ‘when the tide is in’) the sea is closer to the land.

At low tide (or ‘when the tide is out’) it is further away and more of the beach can be seen.

The River Thames is a tidal river. When we arrived at St Saviour’s Dock, the tide was out so we could see the beach.

Waves (noun): a line of water moving across the surface of the water, especially the sea, that is higher than the rest of the surface.

E.g. Maria and Filippo decided to surf the waves.

A canal (noun): a deep cut that is made through land and filled with water for boats or ships to travel along.

A canal is man-made.  A river is natural.

A cellar (noun): an underground room that is used for storing things. E.g. The cellars of the Mayflower Pub are used to store beer.

Lining (noun): material that covers the inside surface of something. E.g. I’ve torn the lining of my coat.

a hem (noun): the edge at the bottom of a piece of cloth (especially on a skirt, dress or trousers) that has been turned up and sewn.

to hem in (expression): to surround and prevent somebody/thing from moving on.

We also use this expression to explain a feeling. We heard how Rotherhithe Street is one of London’s longest streets and how it’s very narrow because ‘it’s hemmed in by tall warehouses’.

A cycle lane (noun): A division of a road that is marked off with painted lines and can only be used by cyclists.


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Vocabulary: London's Legal Quarter - the Inns of Court, Thursday 12th December 2013

16/12/2013

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Hello all
Thank you for providing so much interesting research about the history of the places we saw. You worked really hard!

Here is the vocabulary that we went over at the end (even though it was a bit noisy in that bar!).

I look forward to seeing you all again soon and wish you all a very Happy Christmas and a great 2014!

Best Wishes
Gail

Vocabulary:
To be broke (adjective) (informal): To have no money. E.g. I can’t stay in London any longer because I’m absolutely broke!

Gobbledegook (also gobbledygook) (noun) (informal): Complicated language that is hard to understand. We also use it to mean that something that someone says is rubbish. E.g. I listened to the teacher in class but it was complete gobbledegook to me! E.g. I watched that T.V. programme last night but it was total gobbledegook.

A wig (noun): a covering made of real or false hair that you wear on your head. E.g. we saw the wigs that a judge and barrister wear in court. They are made of horse hair.

A gown (noun): a) A loose piece of cloth worn by certain professions E.g. lawyers, barristers, judges. We saw some of the gowns worn by lawyers and Judges in the shop, Ede & Ravenscroft (the specialist gown and robe makers since 1689).

a) A woman’s long formal dress for special occasions.

c) A dressing gown. This is the long loose robe that we wear after a bath or when we get out of bed.

A robe (noun): A long, loose piece of clothing, especially worn at ceremonies.

To quote (verb): a) to repeat exactly something that somebody else ahs said or written before. E.g. The newspaper quoted the Prime Minister.

b) to say what the cost of a piece of work is or probably will be. E.g. He quoted £1,200 to repair our roof.

A quotation (noun) We usually say ‘a quote’: a) a phrase from a book, speech, play etc.

b) a statement that says how much a piece of work will probably cost.  E.g. He gave me a quote for £50 to put some shelves up.

To abbreviate (verb): To make something shorter, especially a word or phrase. E.g. The World Wide Web is usually abbreviated to ‘www’.

An abbreviation (noun): A short form of a word or phrase

E.g. etc = etcetera; Mr. = mister; kilometre = km

A measurement (noun): a) a size, amount etc that is found by measuring. E.g. What are the exact measurements of the room? (= how wide, long etc is it?)

A foot (noun) (used in measurement): A measure of length. 1 foot = 30 centimetres (cm).

E.g. How tall are you? I’m 5 foot 5 (inches)

E.g. A 6-foot high wall

We abbreviate feet/foot as ‘ft’ E.g. She’s 5ft 3ins (= 5 foot 3 inches).

A jug (noun): A container with a handle used for holding or pouring liquids. E.g. A milk jug. E.g. A jug of water. E.g. We asked for a jug of water at the end of our walk.

A vase (noun): A container that is used for holding cut flowers in water.

A window box (noun): A long narrow box outside a window, in which plants are grown.

A gardener (noun): a person who works in a garden as a job or for pleasure. E.g. The gardener in the Inns of Court knows how to create beautiful gardens!

To sue (somebody) (for something) (verb): To go to a court of law and ask for money from somebody because they have done or said something bad about you. E.g. He took his company to court and sued them for £10000000 because they broke their contract.

To lie (about something) (verb): To say or write something that you know isn’t true. E.g. The witness lied in court. E.g. How could you lie to me?

A lie (noun): to tell a lie. E.g. That story he told us about being ill, was just a lie to get out of working!

Perjury (noun): When a witness (or the person who is either accused or the defendant) deliberately lies in court. E.g. The witness committed perjury when she lied about what time he arrived back home.  

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Vocabulary: The many faces of Dalston. Saturday 16th November 2013

21/11/2013

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Dear all
Thank you for making the walk so enjoyable. And thank you for all the hard work you put into it. I hope you enjoyed exploring Dalston and discovering some new and interesting placed in London.

Below, you'll find the vocabulary that we went over at the end. I hope it helps and that you are able to use it!

I look forward to seeing you all again soon.
Best Wishes
Gail


Vocabulary:
Dawn (noun): The early morning, when light first appears in the sky. Note: we say ‘at’ dawn. E.g. If we get up at dawn, we’ll have an early breakfast before leaving for the airport.

Dusk (noun): The time in the evening when the sun has already gone down and it’s nearly dark. E.g. The Park closes at dusk.

Stubborn (adjective): Not wanting to do what other people want you to do. Refusing to change your plans or decisions. E.g. She’s too stubborn to say sorry.  

Stubbornly (adverb): E.g. He stubbornly refused to apologise so he was given the sack from his job. 

 A phrase (noun): A group of words that are used together. A phrase doesn’t contain a full verb e.g. First of all e.g. A bar of chocolate

A scarecrow (noun): A very simple model of a person that is put in a field in order to frighten away the birds.

We have several black-coloured birds:

a blackbird (a small common garden bird)

a crow (Bigger than a blackbird, they’re found in both urban and countryside areas. It’s very noisy!)

a rook (a large and very noise black bird that lives in the treetops)

a raven (a very large bird. There are several kept at The Tower of London)

Massive (adjective): Very big. E.g. There has been a massive increase in prices recently.

Huge (adjective): Very big. E.g. Those avocadoes are huge! (We really did see some huge ones in Ridley Road Market!)  

Note: we never say ‘very huge / massive’.


Pebbles (noun): A smooth round stone that is found in or near water.

Pebbly (adjective): E.g. Brighton has a pebbly beach.

Goosebumps (also Goose pimples) (noun): Small lumps (or points) which appear on your skin because you’re cold or frightened.

A goose (noun):  A large bird with a long neck that lives on or near water. Geese = plural.

A bump (noun): a lump on the body.

To bump (against / into something) (verb): To hit somebody/something by accident when you’re moving. E.g. She bumped into a lamp post because she wasn’t looking where she was going.

A bumper (noun): a) The bar fixed to the front and back of a motor vehicle to protect it if it hits something.

b) (adjective) (only used before a noun): Larger than usual. E.g. His farm has had a bumper crop this year because we had such a hot summer.

A hammock (noun): A bed made of rope or strong cloth, which is hung up between two trees or poles. E.g. There was a hammock in the café we went to at the end of our walk.

Sweet (adjective): Containing, or tasting as if it contains, a lot of sugar. E.g. Children (and Gail) like sweet things, especially chocolate!

Savoury (used about food) (adjective): Food that doesn’t taste sweet.

Sour (adjective): Having a sharp taste like that of a lemon. E.g. This sauce is quite sour. E.g. Because she didn’t put the milk in the fridge, it’s turned sour.

Bitter (adjective): Having a sharp, unpleasant taste; not sweet. E.g. He prefers bitter coffee (we can’t say ‘sour coffee’).

To blush (verb): To become red in the face, especially because you’re embarrassed or feel guilty. E.g. She blushed with shame.

Blusher (noun): A coloured cream or powder that some people put on their cheeks to give them more colour.

A butler (noun): A person who works in a very large house, whose duties include organising and serving food and wine.

A bandana (noun): A piece of brightly coloured cloth worn around the neck or head.

A gem (noun): a) A rare and valuable stone that is used in jewellery.

b) A person or thing that is especially good. E.g. Thank you for helping me this morning. You’re a real gem.

A precious stone (noun): a stone which is very rare and valuable and often used in jewellery. E.g. diamonds and other precious stones.

Paramount (adjective): Most important; more important than anything else. E.g. The interests of the child are of paramount importance. E.g. Safety is paramount in car design.


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Vocabulary: Hoxton to Shoreditch Saturday 19th October 2013

24/10/2013

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Dear all,
We were so lucky with the weather last Saturday ... it only rained for a hour!! I enjoyed walking with you and sharing this interesting area of London. And thank you for all the hard work you put in to research the places that we passed.

Below is the vocabulary that we went over at the end in the cafe.
I look forward to seeing you all again soon.
Best Wishes
Gail



Vocabulary:

A trick (noun): something that you do to make somebody believe something that isn’t true or a joke that you play to annoy somebody.

To trick (somebody) (trick): e.g. he’d been tricked into giving the money and he felt very angry.

A treat (noun): something special or enjoyable that you pay for or give yourself/somebody. E.g. I treated myself to a new pair of shoes.  

A gravestone (noun): a stone in the ground that shows the name, dates etc of the dead person who is buried there.

The grave (noun):  the place where a dead body is buried.

To spread (verb): to affect a larger area or a bigger group of people. E.g. the disease was so infectious, it spread really quickly. E.g. Rats and vermin spread disease. E.g. the fire spread rapidly because of the strong wind. E.g. Xavière spread jam on her scones.  

To spread your wings (expression): To leave home. E.g. After his 18th birthday, he spread his wings and moved to another city.  His parents were sad but happy for him.

A hood (noun): part of a coat, jacket, sweatshirt etc. that you pull up to cover your head and neck in bad weather.

To blow (something) up (phrasal verb): to make something explode or to destroy something in an explosion. E.g. In 1605, a group of catholic conspirators, planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament. (We saw the plaque in Hoxton on the site of Lord Monteagle’s house. He received a letter which told him about the plot. This led to the capture and arrest of the plotters, including the famous Guy Fawkes.

To set (something) up (phrasal verb): to start a business, an organisation, a system, a project etc. E.g. English Walks was set up in 2012.

Fizzy (adjective): containing many small bubbles of gas. E.g. a fizzy drink like coca-cola.

Sparkling (adjective): a) containing bubbles of gas. E.g. sparkling wine; a bottle of sparkling water. (We tend to use the word ‘sparkling’ to describe more expensive drinks like wine).

b) shining with many points of light. E.g. when she came out of the dentist, her teeth were sparkling white!

c) a sparkling personality – something who is ‘bubbly’ and fun to be with.

Still (adjective): quiet and calm. So we use ‘still’ to describe water that is not sparkling. E.g. a bottle of still water.

A sparkler (noun): a hand-held firework that emits sparks.

To mash (verb): to mix or crush something until it’s soft. E.g. mashed potatoes. We stopped outside the Pie and Mash Shop in Hoxton, where they sell different traditional East End pies with mashed potato.

To smash (verb): to break something or to be broken violently and noisily into many pieces. E.g. the glass smashed into a thousand pieces. E.g. the police had to smash the door open.

To get smashed (expression): to get very drunk.

Booze (noun): A slang word for ‘alcohol’.

A boozer (noun): a) A slang word for a pub and b) a person who drinks a lot of alcohol.

To dress up (phrasal verb): to put on special clothes, especially in order to look like somebody/something else. E.g. Maria dressed up as a devil for Halloween. E.g. the children wanted to dress up as pirates.   

To dress up to the nines (expression): to wear very fashionable or formal clothes for a special occasion. E.g. They must be going to a party. They’re dressed up to the nines.

To starve (verb): to suffer or die because you don’t have enough food to eat.

To be starving (informal): to be extremely hungry. E.g. I’m starving. Hurry up and cook dinner!

A scaffold (noun): This is a wooden structure that was built to hang prisoners from. The scaffold was high so each prisoner had to climb steps onto it. Then they were hung.

to flee (verb). to run away or escape from something. E.g. The Gunpowder Plot conspirators fled the country. E.g. the burglar fled from the police.

A lease (noun): a legal agreement that allows you to use a building or land for a fixed period of time in return for rent.

To lease (verb): E.g. James Burbage leased the land from a local farmer to build his new theatre, The Theatre.


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Vocabulary: Richmond-upon-Thames Saturday 17th August 2013

18/8/2013

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Hello to all of you
I enjoyed meeting you all yesterday and listening to the history that you researched. You all worked so hard! We were very lucky that it didn't rain until we were in the cafe at the end!

Below is some of the vocabulary from yesterday. I hope it helps and that you're able to use it while you're still in London.

I look forward to seeing you all again.
Best Wishes
Gail

Vocabulary: Richmond upon Thames: River Views and Royal Connections 17th August 2013

a rowing boat (noun):  A small boat that you move through water using oars (noun). Often, several people row together, as team and have races.

oars (noun): the long thin piece of wood with flat parts at the end.

to row (verb): to move a boat through water using oars. E.g. The team rowed their boat from London Bridge to Richmond.

to row (verb): a) to move a boat through the water using oars

b) to carry somebody (or something) in a boat that you rowed. E.g. he rowed the two boys across the river.

a canoe (noun): A light, narrow boat for one or two people that you can move through the water using a paddle (noun).

a paddle (noun): a flat piece of wood.

a paddle (verb): to walk in water that is not very deep. E.g. the children paddled in the sea.

a hassle (noun): when something is annoying to do, we might say that ‘it’s a hassle’, too much bother. E.g. It’s a real hassle having to research about Richmond Park!

a barge (noun): A long narrow boat with a flat bottom that is used for carrying goods or people on a canal (there are lots on the River Thames too!).

a houseboat (noun): a boat on a river, canal etc where somebody lives and which usually stays in one place.

a towpath (noun): A path beside a river or canal, originally used as a pathway for horses towing (pulling) barges.

to tow (verb): To pull a car or boat behind another vehicle, using a rope or chains. E.g. My car was towed away by the police. E.g. We threw some rope in the water and towed him out.

humid (adjective): (used to describe the air or climate) – Warm and feeling slightly wet. E.g. It was really humid when the temperature reached 32˚C in London last week.

damp (adjective): A little wet. E.g. When I got home after walking in the rain, my clothes were damp.

damp (noun): E.g. She hated the damp and cold climate in England.

to dump (verb): To get rid of something that you don’t want, especially in a place that is not suitable. E.g. Nuclear waste shouldn’t be dumped at sea.

a dump (noun): A place where rubbish or waste material from factories etc is left. E.g. a rubbish dump.

a squeak (noun): A short high noise that is not very loud. E.g. The squeak of a mouse.

to squeak (verb): E.g. His shoes squeaked every time he walked.

squeaky (adjective): E.g. a squeaky floorboard or door.  

to starve (verb): To suffer or die because you don’t have enough food to eat.

I’m starving (informal): We say this when we’re very hungry (although we’re not actually ‘starving’ / about to die.

hungry (adjective): Want to eat. E.g. I’m hungry. E.g. I feel hungry (we can’t say ‘I feel starving’ because ‘to starve’ is a verb whereas ‘hungry’ is an adjective).

a mayor (noun): A person who is elected to be the leader of a group of people who manage the affairs of a town or city. E.g. The Mayor of London is Boris Johnson.

major (adjective): Very large, important or serious. E.g. There haven’t been any major problems on the roads today. E.g. The patient needs major heart surgery. E.g. It’s of major importance …

minor (adjective) (the opposite to ‘major’): Not very big or serious. E.g. It’s only a minor problem.   

A major (noun): an officer of a middle level in the army.

massive (adjective): Very big. E.g. A massive increase in prices. E.g. Richmond Park is the largest of the Royal Parks. It’s massive!

huge (adjective): Very big (a huge amount / quantity / sum / number). E.g. A huge building. E.g. The film was a huge success. E.g. This is a huge problem for us.

to look down at (something): When you’re high up (e.g. on a hill), you can ‘look down at’ the things below you. E.g. We looked down at the villages below.

to look down on (somebody): To think that you are better than somebody. E.g. The neighbour looked down on us because she had a bigger house.

to look across (at or to something): When you look at something that is either near or far away from you. E.g. She looked across the room and saw her mother. E.g. I looked across the road and saw my neighbours cleaning their windows. E.g. When we got to the top of the hill, we looked across and saw the beautiful views.

to look through (something): E.g. She looked through the trees to see if her dog was there.

to look up to (somebody): To admire somebody and think a lot of them.

Grade I listed and Grade II listed: A listed building in the UK is a building that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural interest. They are protected by law. Some open land in the UK is also listed and, therefore, protected. Often, we just say that a place is ‘listed’ rather than specifically ‘Grade I or II’.

climate /klaɪmət/ (noun): The normal weather conditions of a particular region or country (e.g. dry / humid / tropical etc). E.g. Climate change is altering our weather patterns. We used to have four seasons, but now there are only two.

fund (noun): a sum of money that is collected for a particular purpose. E.g. I gave £50 to the disaster relief fund.

fund (verb): To provide a project, school, charity etc with money. E.g. The Channel Tunnel is not funded by government money.

to fundraise (verb): To actively find the money to provide money for a project, charity etc.

a fundraiser (noun): A person whose job is to find ways of collecting money for a charity or organisation.

Pronunciation:

Dates: e.g. 1900 is said as ‘nineteen hundred’.

1500 is said as ‘fifteen hundred.’

1901 is said as ‘nineteen / əʊ/ one’

(River) Thames = / tems/

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Vocabulary: St Paul's - Heroes and Executions. Wednesday 31st July 2013

5/8/2013

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Dear all
Thank you to all of you for participating in the English Conversation Walk around the St Paul's area. We were so lucky with the weather and the most rain we got, was a few spots!

Below, is some of the vocabulary that we went over together in the pub at the end.

I look forward to seeing you all again soon.
Best Wishes
Gail


Vocabulary: Heroes and executions – Wednesday 31st August 2013

To drown (verb): To die in water because it’s not possible to breathe. E.g. the boy fell in the river and drowned.  

To sink (verb) (pt sank  pp sunk): a) to go down or make something go down under the surface of water (or other liquids). E.g. the little girl put her paper boat on the pond and watched it sink.

b) to be sunk (expression): When something bad has happened to you and you feel hopeless. E.g. He lost all his money and now he feels sunk.

steep (adjective): a) (used about a hill, mountain etc). When a hill rises or falls quickly, at a sharp angle. E.g. Snow Hill  is the highest hill in the City of London but it’s not very steep!

b) to be steeped in something (adj): having a lot of something, full of something. E.g. London is steeped in history.

steeple (noun): The tower on the roof of a church.

A barrel (noun): a) A large, round, wooden (or plastic or metal) container used for liquids. It has a flat top and bottom and is wider in the middle. E.g. In the 18th century, a gang called the Mohock Gang kidnapped elderly women and placed them in a barrel. Then they rolled the barrel downhill!!

b) a barrel of laughs (idiom): If someone is a barrel of laughs, they are always making jokes and you find them very funny.

c) roll out the barrel (informal): Originally a popular song from World War Two. Today, it’s used when a group of people plan to drink a lot of alcohol and they say: ‘Come one, roll out the barrel!’

a pub crawl (noun): When a group of people go from one pub to another and have a drink in each one.  

hodgepodge (noun): The same as mishmash.  

a barrow (noun): A small thing on two wheels on which fruit, vegetables etc are moved or sold in the street, especially in a market.

 a deck (noun): a) a floor on a ship or bus.

b) on deck: on the part of the ship which you can walk on outside.

c) a deck of cards: a pack of cards.

d) a double-decker bus: a bus with a downstairs and upstairs.

e) a deckchair (noun): A chair that you use outside, especially on the beach. E.g. we saw some deckchairs in one of the squares that we walked through. Business people were sitting in them eating their lunch.   

a high chair (noun): A special chair with long legs and a little seat and table. It’s for a small child to sit in when eating.

stationery (noun): writing and other office materials e.g. envelopes, paper, pens, paper etc.

stationary (adjective): When something is not moving, it is ‘stationary’. E.g. the car was stationary when the accident happened.


A slum (noun): An area of a city where living conditions are extremely bad, and where the buildings are dirty and haven’t been repaired for a long time.

To shadow (verb): To follow and watch somebody’s action. E.g. the police shadowed the suspect for three days.

Cutlery (noun): The knives, forks and spoons that you use for eating food.

Grade I listed and Grade II listed: A listed building in the UK is a building that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural interest. They are protected by law. Some open land in the UK is also listed and, therefore, protected.





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Vocabulary: Walthamstow Saturday 20th July 2013

26/7/2013

0 Comments

 
Hello everyone
I thoroughly enjoyed walking with you last Saturday and sharing the history about Walthamstow. All of you did excellent research so a very big thank you.

Below you'll find some of the vocabulary that we went over at the end.
I look forward to seeing you all again.
Best Wishes
Gail


Vocabulary Walthamstow – Saturday 20th July 2013

A stick of rock (noun): a long, hard stick-shaped sweet. Traditionally, they are pink and the name of the seaside resort runs through the middle. They are hard to eat and can break teeth!!

Candy floss (noun): a mass of pink (or white) fluffy sugar that is spun around a stick. We usually find candy floss at fun-fairs and the seaside. They are very sweet!

A sweet tooth (noun): When someone really likes sweet food, we say they have a ‘sweet tooth’ or that they are ‘sweet-toothed’ (adj). E.g. I’ve got a sweet tooth because I eat chocolate and biscuits and cakes and puddings every day!

Obese (adjective): When someone is very fat and overweight, we say that they are obese. The UK has the highest level of obesity (mass noun) in Europe. E.g. She’s obese because she eats chocolate and biscuits and cakes and puddings every day!

A nap (noun): a short sleep that is taken during the day. E.g. My mum takes a nap every afternoon.

A kip (noun) (informal English): to sleep. E.g. I’m going to have a kip when everyone’s left.

To sunbathe (verb): to lie in the sun in order to get a tan.

A mate (noun) (informal English): a friend. E.g. She’s an old mate of mine. E.g. They’ve been mates since they were children.

A classmate / flatmate / teammate / playmate: We often add ‘mate’ when we talk about activities that are shared by a group of people. It means doing something specific together, not necessarily as friends.

Mate (British slang): Often used to address (speak to) someone who is not necessarily a friend or known to you. E.g. Give me a hand mate. E.g. Thanks mate.

An inmate (noun): a person who lives (usually by force) in an institution such as a prison or hospital. E.g. My grandparents were very poor and became inmates of Walthamstow Workhouse.

A resident (noun): people who live in an old people’s home are called ‘residents’ (not inmates).

Cycling (mass noun): The sport or activity of riding a bike. E.g. My brother goes cycling in the mountains every summer.

To cycle (verb): to ride a bicycle. E.g. She cycles to work every day.

Words for bikes:

A cycle

A bike

A bicycle

Boris bikes (the bikes for hire in London, named after the London Mayor)

To smuggle (verb): to take things in or out of a country secretly and illegally. E.g. Tea was smuggled into England when parliament raised the taxes and tea was too expensive.

A smuggler (noun): A person who takes things in or out of a country secretly and illegally.

To traffic (verb): The same as ‘to smuggle’. ‘To traffic’ is a more common word today. We use it for when drugs, children, people etc are brought illegally into the country. E.g. They traffic in drugs and last year, brought thousands of tons of heroin into the UK.

A trafficker (noun): A person who brings drugs etc into the country. E.g. a drug trafficker / a human trafficker / a child trafficker etc.

A pit (noun): a) a large hole that is made in the ground. E.g. They dug pits to bury all the dead bodies during the Plague of 1665.

b) a coal mine. We often call coal mines ‘pits’.

c) to be the pits (slang): to be very bad e.g. the food in that restaurant last night was the pits!

Rude (adjective): not polite. E.g. He was very rude to his boss yesterday. E.g. It’s very rude to interrupt when people are talking.

To abuse (something or somebody) (verb): to use something/body in a bad and dishonest way. E.g. the politicians abused their position so that they could become rich.

Abuse (noun): as above. E.g. an abuse of power. E.g. The teachers talked to the young people about the dangers of drug abuse.

Cruel (adjective): cause physical or mental suffering to someone or something. E.g. The bosses of the workhouse were cruel to the inmates. They beat them every day.

Cruelty (noun): E.g. cruelty to children or animals is against the law.



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Vocabulary: Barnes to Fulham Palace Saturday 22nd June 2013

26/6/2013

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Hello all
We were so lucky with the weather last Saturday, weren't we? I thought it was going to rain, but it didn't and we were able to stay dry throughout the walk.

Thank you for all your hard work - the worksheets and the research.

Below is some of the vocabulary that we went over in the cafe at the end. I hope it's useful so that when I see you again, you'll remember every word!

I look forward to seeing you all again.
Best Wishes
Gail

Vocabulary Barnes Bridge to Fulham Palace – Saturday 22nd  June 2013

To snoop (around) (on somebody) (verb): To look around secretly and without permission in order to find out information. E.g. He snooped in the office cupboard to find the information he needed.

Snooper (noun): a person who snoops.

Snooping (adjective): E.g. We had snooping neighbours. They used every opportunity to come round.

A spook (noun): An informal word for spy.

Spooky (adjective): Strange and frightening. E.g. It was spooky being in the house at night.

Nosy (adjective): When someone shows too much curiosity in another person’s business. E.g. My colleague is so nosy. She tries to read my notes all the time. E.g. We’ve got such nosy neighbours. They even peer at us over the garden wall!

A river (noun): a large expanse of water that flows to the sea (or in a lake or into another river). Rivers are usually quite wide or become wider as they continue to flow.

A stream (noun): a small and narrow river

A brook (noun): a small stream

A pond (noun): a small area of water that doesn’t have any natural movement. Some people have a pond in their garden for small fish and plants.

A lake (noun): a large area of water that is surrounded by land.

To stream (verb): We also use ‘stream’ to describe liquid, gas or light. E.g. He couldn’t stop crying. Tears streamed down his face.

We also use ‘stream’ about people or things. E.g. During rush hour, people streamed out of the tube station.

A public outcry (noun): A strong protest by a large number of people because they disagree with something.

A demonstration / a demo (British informal) (noun): A public protest for or against something. Often, a large number of people meet in a central place to demonstrate.

The embankment (noun): An embankment is usually made of earth or stone to stop a river from spreading across a road or railway. Often, there is a pathway next to a river which we call the embankment.

Wealthy (adjective): When someone has lots of money or property, we say they’re wealthy.

Rich (adjective): the same as wealthy

Note: We can say that a cake is ‘rich’ in calories. But we can’t say that a cake is ‘wealthy’ in calories.

Well-to-do (adjective): the same as wealthy

Well off (adjective): the same as wealthy. E.g. The family who live at number 72 are really well off. They have 6 cars, 3 houses, 18 horses and a swimming pool.

A zebra crossing (noun): the black and white striped crossings that pedestrians can use to cross the road. In England, cars have to stop when a pedestrian starts to cross on a zebra crossing.

A sundial (noun): A type of clock used in past times that uses the sun and a pointed piece of metal to show what the time is. E.g. We saw a sundial on the church in Barnes.

Huge (adjective): Very big. E.g. The London Wetlands Centre is huge. It’s 42 hectares.

A vehicle (noun): Something which transports people or things from place to place e.g. cars, lorries, trains, buses, bicycles.

Underneath (preposition/adverb): Situated directly below something else. E.g. She put her bag underneath the table. (You can use ‘underneath’ in place of ‘under’)

A beech tree (noun): a type of tree common in England. We saw some beech trees in Barnes.

A major problem
A major road

A mayor (note difference in spelling and pronunciation with ‘major’): A person who is elected to be the leader of a group of people who manage the affairs of a town or city.

Some corrections:

When we talk about our likes and hobbies, we use ~ing E.g. I like running; I like reading; he enjoys cooking; they love walking etc.
            
Someone said: “I try to accurate my English”. ‘Accurate is an adjective = exact and correct, without mistakes. E.g. I need to be accurate with money. E.g. The shop worker must be accurate when giving change to the customer.

Because ‘accurate’ is an adjective, we cannot say ‘I try to accurate my English’. We need another verb. E.g. I try to improve my English.

Or: I’m trying to be more accurate!!

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Vocabulary: The Inns of Court Wednesday 22nd May 2013

23/5/2013

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Dear all
I enjoyed walking through the Inns of Court with you yesterday. What a wonderful area it is. So hidden and quiet ...

Below, is some of the vocabulary that we went over at the end. Your English is very good ... I am impressed! Well done!

I look forward to seeing you again soon.
Best Wishes
Gail

Vocabulary: London’s Legal Quarter: The Inns of Court

A solicitor (noun): A solicitor has the first contact with a client who needs legal help or advice. The solicitor does all the paper work on a case, but if it has to go to court, they find a barrister who specialises in the same type of law (family, criminal, civil etc)

A barrister (noun): A lawyer who has had extra training to become a barrister. Barristers are the people who stand up in a court and represent the client in front of the judge. Barristers are trained in the Inns of Court.

 To smuggle (verb): a) When someone takes goods in or out of a country and it is illegal, we say that they smuggle. E.g. They smuggled drugs into London.

b) We also use the verb informally. If I took a bag of sweets into the cinema instead of buying the expensive sweets sold at the cinema, I can say ‘I smuggled some sweets into the cinema’.

A smuggler (noun): The term we use to describe a person who smuggles.

To scrape (verb): to remove something from a surface by moving a sharp edge across it. E.g. He scraped the mud off his boots before he came in.

A boot scraper (noun): We saw a boot scraper outside a house. Old houses had boot scrapers built into the entrances to visitors could scrape the mud off their boots before entering.

To scrape through something (expression): To succeed in doing something with difficulty. E.g. I just scraped through that exam!

Bankrupt (adjective): Not having enough money to pay what you owe. E.g If the company don’t spend less, they will go bankrupt.  

Bankruptcy (noun): The state of being bankrupt. E.g. We walked along Carey Street where there used to be a ‘Bankruptcy Court’ in the 1840s.

Sewage (noun): The waste material from people’s bodies that is carried away from their homes in water in sewers (noun).

To switch (verb) (something over, from something, to something, between A and B): To change for be changed from one thing to another. E.g. She switched careers from journalism to teaching. E.g. the football match has been switched from Saturday to Sunday. E.g. Don’t forget to switch off the light.

A switch (noun): a small button or something small that you press up or down to turn on electricity. E.g. a light switch.

To backfire (verb): a) to have an unexpected or unpleasant result, often the opposite to what had been intended. E.g. My plan to rob a bank backfired when the police caught me and sent me to jail!   b) when the exhaust in a car or other engine has a small ‘explosion’. E.g. a car backfired in the road

Wisteria (noun): a type of climbing plant with large purple flowers. We saw lots of wisteria on our walk. Some wisteria can live for 200 years!

A gown (noun): a) a long, elegant dress worn on formal occastions e.g. She wore a silk gown to the ball.

b) a loose cloak worn by certain professions E.g. lawyers, barristers, judges. We saw some of the gowns worn by lawyers in the shop, Ede & Ravenscroft (specialist gown and robe makers since 1689).

c) a dressing gown. This is the long loose robe that we wear after a bath or when we get out of bed.

A wig (noun): a covering made of real or false hair that you wear on your head. E.g. we saw the wigs that a judge and barrister wear in court. They are made of horse hair.

A hood (noun): the part of a coat, jacket etc that you pull up to cover your head and neck.

A hoody (noun) (informal): a) a sweatshirt that has a hood. b) an informal word often used to describe young people, especially teenagers who wear the hoods on their sweatshirts pulled up all the time.

A hat (noun): An item of clothing worn on the head (separate from the coat or jacket).

To attach something to something (verb): to fasten or join something to something. E.g. the hood is attached to the coat.

A pub (noun): a place where people go to buy and drink alcohol. Food is usually available too. [traditionally called a Public House]

A club (noun): a group of people who meet regularly to share an interest. E.g. a sports club, a walking club, a language club.

A nightclub (noun): a place where you can go to dance and drink late at night.

To behead (verb): to cut off somebody’s head, usually as punishment. E.g. the Lord was beheaded in Lincoln’s Inn Fields because he tried to kill the king.

To decapitate (verb): to cut off somebody’s head

To hang (verb): Note that when we talk about a person, we use ‘hanged’ as the past tense. If we talk about a painting we put on the wall, we use ‘hung’.

To lose your head (expression): a) to become confused or very excited b) to have your head chopped off!

Crisps (noun): a potato crisp is a very thin slice of potato that is fried in oil, dried and eaten cold. We buy them in packets and they usually have a lot of salt added. [Note: US English call them ‘chips’]

Chips (noun): sliced potatoes deep-fat fried in oil. Often called ‘french fries’. In England, chips are traditionally bigger than french fries.

A chippy (noun): a fish and chip shop. E.g. Let’s go to the chippy on the way home.


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Vocabulary: Hampstead Village & Heath Saturday 18th May 2013

20/5/2013

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Hello all
What a lovely way to spend a day ... Hampstead is such a pretty place and the Heath is spectacular! You all worked so hard so thank you.

Here is some of vocabulary that we did at the end. Wasn't it great to be sitting in someone's home sipping our tea while we did this?!

Vocabulary:
An outside (noun): A person who is not accepted as a member of a particular group or community. E.g. In the 1640s, local residents complained about ‘outsiders’ moving to Hampstead to avoid the plague.

Some wild flowers that we saw:

Bluebells

Dandelions

Buttercups

Forgetmenots.

A Yew tree (noun): We looked at a Yew tree in the graveyard. It is common to find yew trees in graveyards. They can live for hundreds of years.

To scrape (verb): to remove something from a surface by moving a sharp edge across it. E.g. He scraped the mud off his boots before he came in.

A boot scraper (noun): We saw a boot scraper outside a house. Old houses had boot scrapers built into the entrances to visitors could scrape the mud off their boots before entering.

To scrape through something (expression): To succeed in doing something with difficulty. E.g. I just scraped through that exam!

A graveyard (noun): In English, it is more common to use the word ‘graveyard’ than cemetery. ‘Cemetary’ tends to be used more by other European countries.

A burial ground (noun): a graveyard.

A parish (noun): An area or district which has its own church. The people who live within this area were traditionally called ‘parishioners’. A parish was traditionally responsible for the welfare of its parishioners, the poor, education and the land it owned.

Parochial (adjective): Traditionally it referred to the church parish. Today, we use the word to mean people who have narrow, limited attitudes and outlooks.

Foul (adjective): a) When something smells or tastes disgusting E.g. this coffee tastes foul. E.g. Their kitchen smells foul!

b) We also use the word ‘foul’ to describe how we feel. E.g. He’s in a foul mood/temper. E.g. this weather is foul.

Illness (noun): the state of being physically or mentally ill. We tend to use the word ‘illness’ as a generic term when we talk about being ill. E.g. She’s missed a lot of work through illness. E.g. He’s just getting over his illness. Note: when we use the word ‘illness’, we don’t know specifically which illness a person has got.

Disease (noun): An illness of the body in humans, plants or animals. It is usually an infection or an illness that is contagious (spreads). E.g. She had a rare disease. E.g. Smoking causes heart disease.

The dictionary says: Disease or illness? A disease is a medical problem which has a name and may be caused by bacteria, viruses, etc. Diseases can often be caught and passed on to other people. An illness is a medical problem, or a period of ill health.

Sick (adjective): a) Not well. E.g. a sick child. E.g. You’re too ill to work today. You should phone in sick.

b) a sick society: refers to things that we don’t like morally or ethically in society. E.g. child prostitution, slave labour etc. It means that something is deprived.

c) It’s sick! = it’s deprived. OR: it’s wonderful! (this depends on your age!!)

d) To make somebody sick: to make somebody very angry. E.g. Shut up! Your attitude makes me sick!

e) be sick to death of something/body: When we feel tired of or annoyed by someone/thing. E.g. I’m sick to death of his greed.

A slip-up (informal): to make a mistake

Phrases:

It doesn’t feel like London

A: Do you want to come to Hampstead on Saturday?

B: No, I don’t feel like it/going



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